Cyst (Pilar, Epidermoid)

Cysts are benign (non-cancerous), slow-growing lumps that form just beneath the skin. They are usually round, smooth, and filled with keratin (a protein normally found in skin, hair, and nails).
- Epidermoid cysts: Commonly appear on the face, neck, chest, or back. They are often small, firm, and may have a tiny central opening.
- Pilar cysts: Often found on the scalp, where they develop around hair follicles. They may occur singly or in groups and can sometimes run in families.
Cysts are usually harmless and painless, but they may grow larger over time, become irritated, or occasionally get infected, leading to redness, swelling, or drainage.

Most cysts do not require urgent treatment. However, you should schedule a visit if:

The cyst is growing quickly
It becomes red, painful, swollen, or drains fluid (signs of infection)
It is located in an area that gets irritated by clothing, shaving, or hair brushing
You are unsure whether the lump is a cyst or something else
The cyst is cosmetically bothersome and you’d like it removed

Treatment usually involves a minor surgical procedure to remove the entire cyst and reduce the chance of recurrence.

Observation: Many cysts are harmless and can be left alone if they are small and not bothersome.
Incision & Drainage: If a cyst becomes inflamed or infected, it can be opened and drained to relieve pressure. This provides temporary relief, but the cyst may return.
Surgical Excision: For a long-term solution, the entire cyst sac is surgically removed in the office under local anesthesia. This is the most effective way to prevent recurrence.
Steroid Injection: In some cases, a steroid may be injected to calm inflammation and reduce swelling before excision.

Treatment is safe and typically quick, with sutures used for closure when needed to optimize healing and minimize scarring.

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